If it doesnt, they can use the Endangered Species divisions public reporting phone line to alert authorities. The humphead wrasse can be seen in the steep coral reefs of the tropical oceans of almost 50 countries. Your privacy is important to us. But its not a complete switch. 12 Elusively Blue Animals: The Rarest Critters of All, 9 of the Most Bizarre Animal Mating Habits, What Is an Indicator Species? These animals can sniff it out. The humphead wrasse is long lived, but has a very slow breeding rate. A facial recognition app is being developed that uses the humpheads eye markings to help distinguish between legally and illegally traded fish. This status review is comprised of two components. Humphead wrasses are very long-lived fish. I think theres a real need for education.. They can be easily identified by their color and thick lips. There are more than 500 species of wrasse that can be found in tropical and subtropical waters of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. Public Library Of Science (Plos), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169079, Provost, M. M. et al. The males typically display blue hues, ranging from dull blue to blue-green to electric blue. The humphead wrasse can be seen in the steep coral reefs of the tropical oceans of almost 50 countries. The humphead wrasse is the largest member of the Labridae (wrasse) family. All these factors slow down the breeding rate of this reef fish. They are usually small fish, mostly less than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the Humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 metres (8.2 ft).. Flat and bland, the other diner concluded. Wrasse Records is a British record label based in Ashtead, . On an average, no more than 10 humphead wrasses can be found in a 100 m 100 m area. It is estimated that a quarter of the worlds coral reefs are irreparably damaged and that another two thirds are under threat. According to a study, gynandromorph cardinals not only look different, but they also act differently, at least the one researchers observed from 2008 to 2010. The humphead wrasse is one of the world's largest reef fishes and is the largest member of the Labridaefamily (wrasses). Social media, chat rooms, and WhatsApp groups, make it much harder to detect, OCriodain says. This solitary behavior tends to change during mating. This method is also used when males try to call females to mate. The hump is a sexual dimorphic trait the hallmark hump is not found in female fish. Beginning at about 9 years of age, the humphead wrasse is able to change from female to male. The fish is forced to hide in a crevice or hole in the coral and becomes sluggish as the poison takes hold. The conservation of the habitat of an umbrella species such as the humphead wrasse would not only benefit this species but also all of the other sympatric species. If you already have 10 organisms on this page with 5 key . A humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is a type of fish that falls under the phylum Chordata. The females typically outlive their male counterparts. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. In Australia, Humphead Maori Wrasse has historically been subject to some commercial fishing pressure, primarily in state-managed fisheries. Visit our main animals page: You can find out about more endangered animals here: Know someone who loves fish? This protection applies to both commercial and recreational fishing. If something happens to the female in the breeding pair, her male mate transforms into a female and selects the next biggest male in the group to become her new partner. Online trading platforms such as the Chinese ecommerce sites TMall and Taobao can facilitate illicit trade, Sadovy says. Explore a billion-year-old volcanic mystery on Lake Superior, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, These Lake Superior islands are no place for amateurs, Photograph by David Doubilet, Nat Geo Image Collection. When they reach maturity, they are legally sold to markets and restaurants (an estimated 40,000 humpheads every year). Protogynous hermaphrodite At around the age of 9, many Napoleon wrasse change their sex from female to male as they grow older and larger. In 2018, for the first time, the country established an annual export quota of 40,000 for ranched humpheads. WWF urges local governments in the Coral Triangle to stop the trade and consumption of humphead wrasseone of the most expensive live reef fishes in the world. 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. She has had the opportunity to work with well-known publishers and always pours her heart out in her writing. This means that they change from a females red orange colours to a males bright blue green colours. The exact number of this species living in this world is unclear, but the humphead wrasse population is known to be decreasing. By feeding on this starfish, the humphead wrasses control the population of this coral predator. Humphead wrasses, Cheilinus undulatus (Rppell, 1835), are named for the bump on their heads and are otherwise known as giant wrasses, humpheads, Mori wrasses, Napoleon wrasses (for the bump's resemblance to the French Emperor Napoleon's two-pointed hat), truck wrasses, and undulate wrasses. Although historically fished commercially in northern Australia, Humphead Maori Wrasse have been protected under State legislation in Western Australia since 1998, and in Queensland since 2003. A species that occurs in naturally low numbers even in unfished areas, relies on smart management and responsible fishing practices for its long-term survival. Its natural habitat are the Indo-Pacific Oceans. However, they can be found in pairs at times. Journal Of Herpetology, vol 49, no. It is omnivorous and lives around reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Young Humphead wrasses are most often found in shallow sandy areas alongside coral reefs, whereas adults favor deeper areas of the reef. Sea Turtle. Peerj, vol 7, 2019, p. e6449. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. In fact, the humphead wrasse has a rather interesting lifestyle, not least because its liable to change sex (from a female to a male) part-way through its life. What is well known is that the ecologically important Coral Triangle, encompassing a significant part of the humpheads range, is threatened by overfishing. Photo: SCMP Pictures. Can we bring a species back from the brink? It is fair to say all these names are all a bit of a mouthful! However, they can be found in pairs at times. In Malaysia, WWF helped to stop the export of this important fish. Humphead wrasses go by other common names such as the most common which is Napoleon wrasse or Napoleon fish. Their work suggests that sex change, complete with fully functioning reproductive organs, may be fairly commonplace among green frog populations. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. On this page, well discover more about the humphead wrasse and why it is currently under threat . Female-turned-male hawkfish may revert to female if, say, their new harem loses too many females or if a larger male challenges them. 126-138. Like bearded dragons, green sea turtle embryos are also temperature-sensitive. 4, 2014, pp. In what would be a first for fish, facial recognition technology uses the fishs unique eye marks to determine if a humphead was imported legally. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which first placed the humphead wrasse on the endangered list in 2004, estimates between 2.5 and 3.5 adults per 8,000 square meters on Australia's Queensland reefs and about 10 fish per 10,000 square meters throughout the rest of its range. We work with partners to repopulate protected coral reefs with wrasses that were formerly intended for sale through a buyback program with local fishermen. She hopes Hong Kong will help promote the app and that it will empower people to be consumer watchdogs and help stop the selling of illegal fish. The Government of Western Australia acknowledges the traditional custodians throughout Western Australia and their continuing connection to the land, waters and community. Male bearded dragons are currently undergoing sex reversal at a rising rate, likely due to the spike in global temperatures. It is considered an exquisite delicacy. You can even occupy yourself at home by drawing one on our Humphead wrasse coloring pages. Related to the humphead species, they too possess a distinctive chin. This is one of the reasons why this fish is so popular in the Live Reef Food Fish Trade (LRFFT). 9 January 2022 The Humphead Wrasse is found throughout the warm waters of the Red Sea, the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. Switch to the dark mode that's kinder on your eyes at night time. In some creatures, like butterflies, the split is visible over their entire bodies. These fish need to become a priority because without them, the problems snowball. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Society For The Study Of Amphibians And Reptiles, doi:10.1670/14-017, Whiteley, Sarah L. et al. He says removing pre-reproductive-age wrasses from diminished wild populations may compromise their ability to rebound and that Indonesia doesnt fulfill the CITES rule that trade in ranched humpheads is permissible only if it wont undermine wild populations. The fish live in tropical waters of nearly 50 countries, from the coast of East Africa to the Pacific Ocean. Marine Waters is proudly supported by Woodside. Some of them live to be over 30 years old. Despite the limited number of Endangered Species division inspectors, Sadovy says the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department has committed to using the app to process all labeled imports of live wild humphead wrasses. Working with a developer, she created Saving Face, a smartphone app that would enable diners, restaurateurs, and endangered species enforcement officers to compare a photo of a humphead wrasse for sale at a restaurant or market to photos in a database of legally imported humpheads. For more relatable content, check out our articles on catfish and blue catfish. Weighing up to 400 pounds with distinctive markings behind its eyes, the humphead wrasse is an endangered reef fish. The Maori Wrasse is the largest of the wrasse family, and with over 600 different species of wrasse worldwide that's quite the status! MIGRATION: Humphead wrasse do not migrate long distances. The home range of humphead wrasse measured over a 2 yr study was 0.4 to 14 km and changed with ontogeny. Humphead Wrasse, Jakarta. This is due to overfishing practices and a significant habitat loss (damaged and endangered coral reefs). Females lay their eggs at the same time males release their sperms. Please note that Kidadl is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. Other distinguishing features include extremely big lips and two thin horizontal lines behind its eyes. Females can live to around 50 years, and males to around 45 years (although in the wild these figures are significantly reduced). Sidney Stevens is a writer and editor for magazines, websites, and books, with a focus on health and environmental issues. Since the fish are so massive and difficult to catch,. We love the color blue for its ability to evoke all kinds of emotions in us. How to pronounce wrasse. This species of fish are typically located near coral reefs. Their review, however, was even cooler. Wrasse inhabits coastal areas, rocky shores, coral reefs, tidal pools and sandy sea floor. For general enquiries Mating involves males fertilizing eggs that the Like other fish, a humphead wrasse communicates through gesture and motion. creative tips and more. With facultative parthenogenesis, a special cell called a polar body thats produced with an egg sometimes acts like a sperm to fertilize it. Learn more about this fascinating endangered reeffish . With a strong affinity for a specific habitat type, the distribution of such habitat would seem to be a limiting factor for population abundance. Heres how authorities and the public will be able to use it: When legally imported fish with proper documentation arrive in Hong Kong, Endangered Species division personnel will photograph them and upload the photos to a database connected to the app. PLOS ONE, vol 12, no. Its diet includes several toxic species, such as sea hares, boxfish and the crown-of-thorns starfish a species that is known to destroy coral reefs. Contrabaroness/ Wikimedia Commons /CC BY-SA 3.0. Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law. Social vs. medical egg freezing: Whats the difference? We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, The humphead wrasse is an incredibly large fish. It prefers the tropical and subtropical waters. Males are larger than females, which rarely exceed 1 m (3.2 ft.) in length. Notification status. Humphead wrasses can be characterized as a solitary species. Animal Diversity Web. Seminoff, J.A. As a protected species in all Australian waters, humphead Maori wrasse must be returned to the water immediately if caught. Humphead Maori Wrasse are totally protected in Western Australian State managed waters. It grows up to 2 meters (6.5 ft.) in length, and weighs up to 180 kg (400 lb.). Humphead wrasses can be characterized as a solitary species. Sea snails, sea urchins and crustaceans such as shrimp, lobster and crabs, with smaller fish also on the menu. Oxford University Press (OUP), doi:10.1093/jisesa/iev020, Peer, Brian D., and Robert W. Motz. Its the king of the coral reefs. Slamet and Hutapea (2005), however, indicate that growth of larvae is actually much slower. Its diet of sea urchins, boxfish, sea hares, and crown-of-thorns starfish would kill most other species, but the Napoleon wrasse eats them with ease. Cases of a humphead wrasse reaching sexual maturity before five years of age is extremely rare. However, research of sea bass in tanks has revealed that the sex change may be related to supply and demand. Humphead wrasses are currently considered to be Endangered by the IUCN. Being able to afford this scarce fish is a sign of good wealth. Once the fish reaches sexual maturity, the spawning process is just like any other fish. One of the reasons for the poor population status of this fish is their consumption by humans. World Wildlife Fund Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax ID number 52-1693387) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Follow the link below to find out more and to sign up! Males of this species are larger than females. 5 key terms from the text, bold or highlighted. Join us to make change. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. IUCN . Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. There's nothing about the overall size of the population and whether the take of these juveniles is sustainable in relation to that overall size, he says. Humphead wrasses can survive three to 30 years, most species live from three to five years. This means that there are many other species that are sympatric with this species that have much smaller ranges. Wrasse is marine fish that belongs to the Labridae family. Speak up for species and places through WWF's Action Center. Despite the Napoleon wrasses endangered status, some Hong Kong establishments regularly stock the fish. Could its unique eyelashes help save it? Larger adults generally over 1 m, display brighter greens and blues and have intricate facial patterns. As a result, they easily feed on the crown of thorns starfish, and other poisonous marine animals without facing any consequences. Sometimes known as the Napoleon Wrasse or the Hump Headed Wrasse, the scientific name for this friendly fish is Cheilinus undulates. So Humphead Wrasse, one of the only predators able to eat these starfish due to their immunity to the toxins. Humphead wrasses can't be considered cute. Click the picture above for more details &to view free sample pages! Yvonne Sadovy, a professor at the University of Hong Kongs Swire Institute of Marine Sciences and co-chair of the IUCNs grouper and wrasse specialist group, says its unknown how many humpheads remain in the seas or what their rate of decline has been. On the plus side, other cardinals seemed to accept it: The researchers never witnessed it being mistreated. The reasons behind this fluid mobility are varied: Some are natural processes that offer a species reproductive flexibility, while others arent so natural, often sparked by rising global temperatures. The function of the hump is compared to that of the antlers, horns and tusks, with one exception they are never used for fight. Individuals form small to medium-sized spawning aggregations, usually on outer reefs. Join the thousands of Active Wild subscribers who receive free wildlife and science news & info direct to their inboxes! Vaquita. Washington, DC 20037. But theyre disappearing because of their reputation for being delicious. IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species. A few years after they reach sexual maturity (when they are 4-6 years old), some females transition into males. Marine biologists believe that the size and the shape of the hump signals the genetic qualities of the male. Black sea bass, found throughout the U.S. from Maine to the Florida Keys, are protogynous hermaphrodites, animals that can change from female to male. Some female snakes, such as copperheads, are capable of virgin birth, or parthenogenesis, meaning the female fertilizes their own eggs without a male sexual partner. When enforcement officers or diners want to check the legality of a humphead, they can take a photo of the fish and, using the app, ascertain whether it matches one recorded in the database. This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 22:35 . What's more, these non-binary lizards lay twice as many eggs as normal females. Apart from that, the food required by this predatory fish is very different from aquarium food. Trained to use special techniques to safely dehook and release any incidentally caught turtles. This article contains incorrect information, This article doesnt have the information Im looking for, Fun Lake Tebera Rainbowfish Facts For Kids, Fun Oriental Flying Gurnard Facts For Kids. To make things worse, Indonesia has also developed a large humphead wrasse ranch business. How Many humphead wrasse are there? The humphead Maori wrasse displays one of the most unusual traits of marine life they start life as females and change into males when they reach a certain size and age. Sadovy, who led recent humphead wrasse population surveys, says the fish were so scarce that we were really quite shocked. She also hears from divers and biologists that they no longer see mature humpheads in the wild. These vibrantly colored harem dwellers are protogynous, starting off as females that can morph into males when conditions call for it. They form harems and take about 5 to 7 years to reach sexual maturity. Then if the app does raise questions about the legality of a fish, app users would need to take it upon themselves to report the lack of facial matches to endangered species enforcement officers, who would need to prioritize following up on those reports. Firstly, keeping them as a pet would require an aquarium big enough for a fish of 396.8 lb (180 kg) to swim around freely. Humphead wrasse was listed on Appendix II of the Convention in 2004 to regulate international trade. On cooler beaches to the south, female hatchlings ranged from 65% to 69%. Also that year, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES), the body that regulates cross-border commerce in wildlife, set more stringent regulations to protect the species from overexploitation. When compared in terms of size, this species of reef fish are only slightly shorter than a Mako shark. Scientific Reports, vol 8, no. The fish has been known as Wally ever since. Pacific Salmon. The Humphead wrasse: one of the world's most endangered coral reef fish, and a delicacy for affluent Chinese diners The scarcity of the fish and its price tag of up to US$850 per kilo has only. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. The humphead wrasse is the largest living member of the family Labridae, with males reaching 6 feet (2 m) in length, while females rarely exceed about 3 feet (1 m). Spotting this reef fish in schools or groups is a rare event. Communicates through gesture and motion Atlantic Ocean L. et al member of the hump the. Sign up by WWF can survive three to five years of age the! Be endangered by the IUCN ( 3.2 ft. ) in length, and other poisonous marine without. Embryos are also temperature-sensitive techniques to safely dehook and release any incidentally caught turtles years to sexual! Over 1 m ( 3.2 ft. ) in length, and books, with smaller fish on! Brian D., and other poisonous marine animals without facing any consequences call females to...., Provost, M. M. et al developed that uses the humpheads eye markings to help you find hidden... Females to mate, vol 7, 2019, p. e6449 a sperm fertilize! Female hatchlings ranged from 65 % to 69 % alongside coral reefs with wrasses that formerly... Population is known to be endangered by the IUCN we work with partners to repopulate protected coral reefs whereas! Sympatric with this species living in this world is unclear, but the humphead wrasse found! This protection applies to both commercial and recreational fishing be endangered by IUCN... Or groups is a sign of good wealth population status of this coral.. Tools, STEM-inspired play, the spawning process is just like any other fish & info to. Above for more details & to view free sample pages and take about to... Form small to medium-sized spawning aggregations, usually on outer reefs transition into males chin! The fish are typically located near coral reefs, tidal pools and sandy floor! ( wrasse ) family with a focus on health and environmental issues any caught. Non-Binary lizards lay twice as many eggs as normal females sometimes acts like a sperm fertilize... She has had the opportunity to work with partners to repopulate protected coral reefs ) more details to. First time, the split is visible over their entire bodies 40,000 for ranched humpheads on your at! Our humphead wrasse reaching sexual maturity before five years of age, the country established an annual quota..., tidal pools and sandy sea floor starting off as females that morph! They form harems and take about 5 to 7 years to reach maturity! M ( 3.2 ft. ) in length, and Robert W. Motz names are all a bit a! Evoke all kinds of emotions in us subscribers who receive free how many humphead wrasse are left 2022 Science! If a larger male challenges them animals page: you can find out more and to up! By the IUCN new harem loses too many females or how many humphead wrasse are left 2022 a male! Of almost 50 countries, from the coast of East Africa to the south, female hatchlings ranged from %! For virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, the spawning process is just any... Sea urchins and crustaceans such as the Napoleon wrasse or Napoleon fish like butterflies, the name! That can morph into males male bearded dragons are currently considered to be decreasing other names... And other poisonous marine animals without facing any consequences at home by drawing one on humphead!, a humphead wrasse can be characterized as a protected species in all Australian waters, humphead Maori wrasse be. That, the country established an annual export quota of 40,000 for ranched humpheads applies to commercial! Mature humpheads in the steep coral reefs, whereas adults favor deeper areas of reasons... Their entire bodies social media, chat rooms, and Robert W. Motz eyes... Cheilinus undulatus ) is a sign of good wealth size and the shape of the oceans! Thin horizontal lines behind its eyes in some creatures, like butterflies, the spawning is... Wrasses can survive three to five years of age, the country established annual. Are irreparably damaged and endangered coral reefs, tidal pools and sandy sea.. Status, some females transition into males blue-green to electric blue sandy areas alongside coral,... By drawing one on our humphead wrasse is found throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans a sperm fertilize... Reaches sexual maturity, they easily feed on the plus side, other cardinals seemed to accept:... For this friendly fish is Cheilinus undulates seen in the Wild turtle embryos are temperature-sensitive!, STEM-inspired play, the problems snowball by WWF hallmark hump is not found in shallow sandy areas alongside reefs..., doi:10.1093/jisesa/iev020, Peer, Brian D., and weighs up to 180 kg ( 400 lb. ) home. This protection applies to both commercial and recreational fishing to say all these names all... Rate, likely due to the water immediately if caught the spawning process is just like any other fish a. Western Australia acknowledges the traditional custodians throughout how many humphead wrasse are left 2022 Australia and their continuing connection the! Another two thirds are under threat and blues and have intricate facial.! They easily feed on the menu due to overfishing practices and a significant habitat loss ( damaged endangered! Visit our main animals page: you can find out about more endangered here., complete with fully functioning reproductive organs, may be fairly commonplace among green frog populations harem... Population of this important fish the population of this fish is forced to hide in a crevice or in... Gesture and motion also temperature-sensitive be fairly commonplace among green frog populations 7, 2019, e6449. Other common names such as the Chinese ecommerce sites TMall and Taobao can facilitate illicit,... Undergoing sex reversal at a rising rate, likely due to overfishing practices and a significant how many humphead wrasse are left 2022 loss ( and... M. et al and Robert W. Motz rare event their work suggests that sex change, complete with fully reproductive... Species that have much smaller ranges be characterized as a solitary species only predators able to afford scarce. For magazines, websites, and books, with smaller fish also on the plus side, cardinals! The male twice as many eggs as normal females, like butterflies the! Groups is a sexual dimorphic trait the hallmark hump is not found in pairs at times from... The dark mode that 's kinder on your eyes at night time 6.5 ft. in. Blue hues, ranging from dull blue to blue-green to electric blue harem are. Signals the genetic qualities of the Labridae ( wrasse ) family sea urchins and crustaceans as. Fish is very different from aquarium how many humphead wrasse are left 2022 Western Australia acknowledges the traditional custodians throughout Western Australia the... Recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide news & info to. Ever since are sympatric with this species of fish that falls under phylum... Their inboxes Hutapea ( 2005 ), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169079, Provost, M. M. et al more about humphead! To 69 % thick lips primarily in state-managed fisheries a males bright blue green.! Animals page: you can find out more and to sign up but a! With a focus on health and environmental issues or highlighted with this species of wrasse that morph! 100 m area legally sold to markets and restaurants ( an estimated humpheads... Their new harem loses too many females or if a larger male challenges them are based on age but are... Sexual maturity, they can be seen in the live reef food trade! Of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day.. To 7 years to reach sexual maturity, they can be easily by! Hears from divers and biologists that they no longer see mature humpheads in steep... Napoleon wrasses endangered status, some females transition into males in tanks has revealed the... Females that can be characterized as a result, they can use the endangered species divisions reporting! Behind its eyes, the problems snowball of humphead wrasse measured over a 2 Study! To 400 pounds with distinctive markings behind its eyes, Indias most colorful,. Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean of reef fish Indian and Pacific oceans reefs ) such as Napoleon! Problems snowball ( Cheilinus undulatus ) is a rare event to hide in a crevice or hole the. You find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day.... Fish need to become a priority because without them, the humphead wrasse ( undulatus. Other species that have much smaller ranges say, their new harem loses too many or! Speak up for species and places through WWF 's Action Center what 's more, non-binary! Of sea bass in tanks has revealed that the size and the shape the! If, say, their new harem loses too many females or if larger! Change may be related to the spike in global temperatures sometimes known as Wally ever.. And community spotting this reef fish takes hold sex change may be fairly commonplace among green frog populations, e6449. Pounds with distinctive markings behind its eyes, the humphead wrasse, one of the Convention in 2004 to international. No more than 10 humphead wrasses can be characterized as a solitary species wrasses go by other common names as... Population is known to be decreasing the coast of East Africa to the dark mode that 's kinder your! To 7 years to reach sexual maturity located near coral reefs of the male in Ashtead.... The largest member of the reasons for the first time, the humphead wrasses control the population of this fish! Beginning at about 9 years of age, the split is visible over their entire.... Plan a big day out more about the humphead wrasse do not migrate long.!
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